Photographic shutter



i Y CABLBOBNEANN,

Patented Mar.. 9, 1926.

f iran; sjraslESl 'Tol ali whom it mag/concern.'

Fre it known; that I, CARL BonNMNN, a .citizen ofy the: UnitedStates, and a resident j of vth'vecity ,of Binghamton, county of Broome, and State ofNewXork, have in vented` a `new and useful lmprovement in a Photographic Shutter,k of' which. the following isla descriptionyreference beinghad' to i 1'the' accompanying drawing, which forms a lpartof this application.

' My invention relates tov photography and particularly to -lhat branch dealing with photographi'cj shutters for cameras. It is `a well known principlel in this art .that

lproper","cooperation of diaphragm aperture and the speed or exposure period of the shutter is necessary to correct results. With.

photographic shutters of' vpresent day con.

struction at least two operations are necessary to-` bring about thls cooperation. One

. operation for Aadjusting the diaphragm to k vthermore,1itisrcommon', particularly among amateurs, 'to forget or neglect entirely, possibly ,thruignorance;v to make't'he proper adv 30, justments before usingthe camera.

The principle above mentionedrefers to the established fact that whensetting the shutter for instantaneous? or snapshot pictures, the diaphragmaperture isliould be adjusted-to afford `a comparatively larger light opening than when the shutter mecha ni'sm isl` set' for time exposure, and conversely when the shutter is set for the latter, `thediaphragm should be adjusted to render a smaller 'aperture than for instantaneous This for the reasonthat greater depthand ybetter definitioncan be obtained by the use ,ofthe smaller aperture'. Obviously, how- W15l lever, ,when the 'speed 1' length lof-'exposue is limited as when the shutter is-set for 5inon 'y the sensitized material` regardless of depth or definition.

The principal object of my` invention is to construct 'a shutter wherein the diaphragm is au' omatically andl simultaneously adjuste to the proper aperture upon the setting of the speed or exposure controlling element.

fAn'other' 'object is to incorporate into a stantaneous the aperture must be enlarged `to admit suflicient light to roduce the image u I vriio'rostumme s'nilrfiim.- l v vapplicano@:nea may 15, 1924. semi No. 713,619; y

'shutter of the character described a novel diaphragm and adjusting means therefor whichr is positivel in operation and extremely simple in construction. .A Y 'A further object is to produce a shutter containing the above 'features without dei tracting from the conventional shape and ornamental appearance of the same.

y l A 1,576,302' PATENT OFFICE.

orrnenmzron, NEW .Yonmfassrenon 'ro .ANsoo rnorornon- Uc'rs, rnc., or BINGHAMTON, Naw Yonx. l

j More specifically it is my purposeto pro- I vide a shutter diaphragm of the swinging leaf type provided with relatively large and small `apertures which are automatically swung intov and out of position with respect to the lens, simultaneously with andupon the operation 'for setting of the speed controlling element, the small aperture being effective for time exposures and the large apertures for instantaneous exposures.

Other objects and advantages in details of construction and operation will be apparent as' the description proceeds, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, wherein like reference `numerals indicate like parts.

In the drawing: Figure lis a front View' of my improved shutter the same being shown adjusted for 'instantaneous exposure and in dotted lines for time exposure.

Figure 2 is. an enlarged face View ofthe shutter the cover plate being removed showing the controlling ring and the lens cap in position. The 'parts are shown in this figur set for instantaneous exposure.

Figure 3 is, identical with-Fig. 2 except that the parts are Kshown in the position cupied when set for time exposure.

Figure 4 is a face View of, the shutter with i the cover plate and lens cap removed and with parts broken away for Vclearness in illustrating the operation of my improved diaphrag f Figure 5is a perspective View of the bottom or undersidcof the controlling ring,

I-have indicated my improved shutter gen- I erally' by the reference character 1 which as shown, includes a cover plate 2 secured to the body Aof the shutter as by screws 3, a trigger or operating member 4' and a controlling ring 5 which projects slightly bcyond vthe periphery of the shutter body whereby said ring may be rotated. A V` shaped notch or other indicator 6 is placed atone point in the periphery of the controlling ring 5 and cooperates with the speed indications 7 lonthe coverplate 2, in this instance indicating instantaneous and time exposures.

The body of the'shutter is formed centrally `thereof in 4front of the lens (not shown) with a protrudingring or bearing surface 8 over which the controlling ring 5 fits and upon which it rotates. The inner surface ofthe member 8 is screw 'thread-- 'tively narrow portion 16. Projecting into this slot is the. end 1'7 of a.V lever which is connected to the shutter blade controlling mechanism of the shutter (not shown). This arrangement and construction is of a conventional type, old in the art and forms no part of this invention. Suiceit' to say by way of explanation that when the controlling ring 5 is set for instantaneous exposure as shown in Fig. 2 the lever 17 is confined in the narrow portion 16 of the slot where l it is unable'tomove downwardly and perond operation of the trigger 4 to `mit the well known locking -action of the shutter blade mechanism resulting in time exposure. When, however, the controlling vring' is moved to the position shown in Fig. 3 the lever 17 upon o eration of the trig er member 4 is permitte to move'downwar y into the enlarged part 15 of the slot where it performs such locking action for time exposure and thus necessitating a screlease the .mechanism and close the shutter.

The controlling ring is provided with a pin 18 projecting downwardly from the surface of the ring for a pur ose to be de'- scribed. Pivoted at 19 beneat the controlling ring 5 is the diaphragm 12 com rising (as shown in Fig. 4) a thin leaf or s eet of metal having therein a relatively small openin'g 20, and a relatively large opening 20a. One end of the diaphragm 12 is bifurcated as at 21, the two fingers or arms thereof extending on opposite sides of the pin 18 whereby upon rotation of the controlling ring 5 said pin will. engage one of the arms' 21 thus rocking the diaphragml 12 on its pivot bringing one `of the openingsy 21 or 20'* into or out oflens covering position directly back of the cap 9. As will be understood thisforms a ready means for chang- .i ing the effective aperture of the lens and by virtue of the pinv connection between the con- -trolling ring and the diaphragm the action of said diaphragm 'is automatically con- -proved swinging diaphra trolled upon the manipulation of the controlling ring to set the shutter at its given speed or exposure controlling positions. As

is obvious from Fig. '4 movement of the controlling ring to set the shutter for instantaneous exposure results in swinging the diaphragm 12 so as to place the large aperture 20 in position as the effective aperture.

. When the controlling ring 5 is turned to position for time exposure the diaphragm 12 is simultaneously swung downwardly to bring the aperture 20 into position for gove erning the exposure as shown in Fig. 3. The bifurcated end 21 of the diaphragm 12 is shown in Fig. 4 as upstandin(lr at 22 to insure engagement thereof with the pin 18.

It will be understood also, that my immay be provided with a greater num er of apertures, varying in size, thus adapting the saine to shutters which are provided with a plurality of speed settings such as 1/25, 1/50 and 1/100 seconds.

Theoperation of the shutter is obvious from the foregoing description of its parts and need not, therefore, be again described in detail. It will be apparent to those skilled in theart that many variations in details of form and construction, some of which 95 have been indicated, are possible without departing fromthe scopeof my invention. I do not limit myself, therefore, to theform shown and described other than by theappended claims.

. I claim:

1. A photographiev shutter comprising a -speed controlling element, a pivoted iaphragm provlded with relatively large andV small'apertures, and means whereby opera- 105 tion of the speed controlling element results in swinging said apertures alternately linto operative positions. v

2. A photographic shutter includingsettings for instantaneous and time expo- 110 sures, controlling means for said settings, a

pivoted diaphragm provided with relatively large and small apertures, and means whereby operation ofthe controlling means to instantaneous or time settings will re- 118 sult respectively in rocking said apertures alternately into operative positions.

3. A photographic shutter including settings for instantaneous and time exposures, controlling means for said settin 120 a pivoted diaphragm provided with reatively large and small apertures, and means on said controlling means whereby operation ofthe controlling means to mstantaneous or time settings will result respectively in rocking said dia hragm bringing said apertures alternately into operative positions.

4. A photographic shutter comprising speed. controlling means, a pivoted dial!!A and a pin' carried by saidcontrolling means.

phragm provided with relatively large and small apertures, and means on said controlling means `for rocking said apertures alternately into and out of operative positions upon movement of said controlling means.

55. A photographic 'shutter comprising means for making instantaneous7 and` time exposures, a controlling device for the same, a pivoted diaphragm provided with relatively' large and small apertures,

and cooperating V'with said diaphragm whereby the eil'ective aperture of the lens (is simultaneously enlarged when the shutter is set for instantaneous and reduced When lthe same is set for time7 exposures. i

6. A photographic shutter comprising a speed controlling element including a rotatable ring providedwith a pin, a diaphragm pivoted in said shutter and having relative- 1y large and small apertures therein, and means on the opposite end ofsaid diaphragm whereby said pin may engage with and rock said diaphragm on its pivot.

7. A photographic shutter comprising a speed controlling ring, a pin on said ring, a pivoted `diaphragm provided with relatively large and small apertures, one end of saiddiaphragm being bifurcated to engage Withsaid pin whereby movement of ,said speed'controlling ring` results in movement of said diaphragm. r

. 8. A photographic shutter comprising a speed controlling ring, a pin on'said ring, a

pivoted diaphragm provided with relatively large and small apertures, one end of said diaphragm being offset and *bifurcated to engage with said pin whereby movement of ment of said diaphragm 9. A photographic shutter comprising a speed controllin ring, a diaphragm provided with relatively large and small apertures movable with said diaphragm alter' nately into operative. position and means on said controlling ring for moving said diaphragm-simulta'neously with the operation said spee'dcontrolling ring results in move-- -o said controlling ring.

10. A photographic shutter comprising a speedcontrolling ring, a one' piece diaphragm providedwith relatively large and small' apertures movable With said diaphragm alternately into operative position, and means on said controlling ring for moving said diaphragm simultaneously with the operation of said controlling ring'. l1. A photographic shutter comprising a phragm provided with. relatively largeH and small apertures movable with said ldiaphragm Yalternately into operative position,

l and means on said controlling ring for movplaced foreach setting of said speed controlling element.

CARL BORNMANN.

speed controlling ring, a one piece dia- 

